{"id":297,"date":"2017-02-09T16:14:16","date_gmt":"2017-02-09T20:14:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.justinmcclellan.com\/blog\/?p=297"},"modified":"2026-04-02T18:44:07","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T22:44:07","slug":"sales-primer-decision-making-unit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.justinmcclellan.com\/blog\/2017\/02\/sales-primer-decision-making-unit\/","title":{"rendered":"Sales Primer and the Decision Making Unit"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"234\" data-end=\"437\">I am not a traditional \u201csalesperson,\u201d and this is not a guide on how to sell. This is a practical framework to understand how buying decisions actually get made\u2014particularly in complex, B2B environments.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"439\" data-end=\"579\">Most failed opportunities are not due to poor technology. They fail because the team does not understand <strong data-start=\"544\" data-end=\"578\">how the customer actually buys<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"empw40\" data-start=\"586\" data-end=\"631\"><strong>Sales vs. Marketing (Get This Right Early)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"633\" data-end=\"681\">At a high level, there are two operating models:<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"708\"><strong data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"708\">Selling organization:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"709\" data-end=\"847\">\n<li data-section-id=\"19p3rs0\" data-start=\"709\" data-end=\"749\">Build a product, then try to sell it<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"eydfc9\" data-start=\"750\" data-end=\"820\">Use promotion, discounting, and outbound effort to generate demand<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"c3lg8p\" data-start=\"821\" data-end=\"847\">Constantly push uphill<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"849\" data-end=\"883\"><strong data-start=\"849\" data-end=\"883\">Marketing-driven organization:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"884\" data-end=\"1005\">\n<li data-section-id=\"hbrcn8\" data-start=\"884\" data-end=\"917\">Start with a customer <a href=\"http:\/\/www.justinmcclellan.com\/blog\/2015\/11\/problem-opportunity-identification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">problem<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1urjmrp\" data-start=\"918\" data-end=\"961\">Develop a solution aligned to that need<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1th0whc\" data-start=\"962\" data-end=\"1005\">Pull demand through relevance and value<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1007\" data-end=\"1111\">A marketing-driven approach is structurally advantaged. It begins with the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.justinmcclellan.com\/blog\/2016\/01\/problem-refinement-and-customer-surveys\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">customer<\/a>, not the technology.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1113\" data-end=\"1224\">This is difficult in technical organizations, where teams are often biased toward what they have already built.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><strong>Decision Making Unit<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1447\">Your \u201ccustomer\u201d is almost never a single person. It is a <strong data-start=\"1323\" data-end=\"1375\">Decision-Making Unit (DMU: Decision-Making Unit)<\/strong>\u2014a group of individuals with different roles, incentives, and authority. Rick Page covers this well in his book<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Hope-Not-Strategy-Winning-Complex\/dp\/0071418717\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Hope is Not a Strategy.<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1449\" data-end=\"1505\">Ignoring this is one of the fastest ways to lose a deal.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1507\" data-end=\"1529\">Typical roles include:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1531\" data-end=\"1834\">\n<li data-section-id=\"xv2rar\" data-start=\"1531\" data-end=\"1571\"><strong data-start=\"1533\" data-end=\"1547\">Initiators<\/strong> \u2014 surface the problem<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"cv7mbu\" data-start=\"1572\" data-end=\"1619\"><strong data-start=\"1574\" data-end=\"1583\">Users<\/strong> \u2014 experience the problem directly<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1bn5g13\" data-start=\"1620\" data-end=\"1655\"><strong data-start=\"1622\" data-end=\"1632\">Buyers<\/strong> \u2014 evaluate solutions<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1te3ylm\" data-start=\"1656\" data-end=\"1695\"><strong data-start=\"1658\" data-end=\"1670\">Deciders<\/strong> \u2014 approve the purchase<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"lzn63p\" data-start=\"1696\" data-end=\"1741\"><strong data-start=\"1698\" data-end=\"1708\">Payers<\/strong> \u2014 control or supply the budget<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"e8h4bo\" data-start=\"1742\" data-end=\"1778\"><strong data-start=\"1744\" data-end=\"1759\">Influencers<\/strong> \u2014 shape opinions<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1jvxaem\" data-start=\"1779\" data-end=\"1834\"><strong data-start=\"1781\" data-end=\"1796\">Gatekeepers<\/strong> \u2014 control risk, access, or approval<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1836\" data-end=\"1909\">Some roles may overlap. Others may sit outside the organization entirely.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1911\" data-end=\"1991\">Your job is to identify <strong data-start=\"1935\" data-end=\"1990\">who plays each role in your specific target account<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"b8akw4\" data-start=\"1998\" data-end=\"2039\"><strong>Role Breakdown (What Actually Matters)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"jz5rim\" data-start=\"2041\" data-end=\"2055\"><strong>Initiators<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2057\" data-end=\"2209\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1w3hnfh\" data-start=\"2057\" data-end=\"2104\">Introduce the problem into the organization<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"14knbpq\" data-start=\"2105\" data-end=\"2209\">May be internal (operations, engineering) or external (customer demand, regulation, vendor outreach)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2211\" data-end=\"2355\">If you are creating the problem through outbound sales, expect resistance.<br data-start=\"2285\" data-end=\"2288\" \/>If the problem is already recognized internally, you have momentum.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"78nrhg\" data-start=\"2362\" data-end=\"2371\"><strong>Users<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2373\" data-end=\"2499\">\n<li data-section-id=\"mw3ejv\" data-start=\"2373\" data-end=\"2415\">Interact with your solution day-to-day<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1cn7ugs\" data-start=\"2416\" data-end=\"2462\">Provide feedback to buyers and influencers<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1uvhcn3\" data-start=\"2463\" data-end=\"2499\">Can become advocates\u2014or blockers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2501\" data-end=\"2574\">In subscription or repeat business models, users often determine renewal.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"fi2tqk\" data-start=\"2581\" data-end=\"2591\"><strong>Buyers<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2593\" data-end=\"2738\">\n<li data-section-id=\"171pc4l\" data-start=\"2593\" data-end=\"2628\">Evaluate the solution in detail<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"iowbul\" data-start=\"2629\" data-end=\"2679\">Compare alternatives (including doing nothing)<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"i5223x\" data-start=\"2680\" data-end=\"2738\">Often responsible for vendor selection and negotiation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2740\" data-end=\"2815\">They understand the operational reality and will pressure-test your claims.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1wd7c3x\" data-start=\"2822\" data-end=\"2834\"><strong>Deciders<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2836\" data-end=\"2977\">\n<li data-section-id=\"16nl98m\" data-start=\"2836\" data-end=\"2890\">Own the business outcome and budget accountability<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"d7rgzx\" data-start=\"2891\" data-end=\"2953\">Synthesize input from buyers, influencers, and gatekeepers<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"15gzzjx\" data-start=\"2954\" data-end=\"2977\">Make the final call<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2979\" data-end=\"3036\">They do not need technical depth\u2014they need confidence in:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3037\" data-end=\"3089\">\n<li data-section-id=\"ruihmr\" data-start=\"3037\" data-end=\"3046\">value<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1xxkkn4\" data-start=\"3047\" data-end=\"3063\">risk profile<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"13s5qe4\" data-start=\"3064\" data-end=\"3089\">organizational impact<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"tfapu2\" data-start=\"3096\" data-end=\"3106\"><strong>Payers<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3108\" data-end=\"3236\">\n<li data-section-id=\"13igzvh\" data-start=\"3108\" data-end=\"3141\">Provide or control the budget<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1wdg03c\" data-start=\"3142\" data-end=\"3236\">May be internal or external (e.g., customer of your customer, insurer, government subsidy)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3238\" data-end=\"3305\">If you do not understand the payer, you do not understand the deal.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"8r0n0y\" data-start=\"3312\" data-end=\"3327\"><strong>Influencers<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3329\" data-end=\"3365\">\n<li data-section-id=\"9re7zv\" data-start=\"3329\" data-end=\"3365\">Shape perception and credibility<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3367\" data-end=\"3376\">Examples:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3377\" data-end=\"3475\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1crmaen\" data-start=\"3377\" data-end=\"3397\">Industry experts<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"mrtgpt\" data-start=\"3398\" data-end=\"3420\">Trade publications<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1nwl35d\" data-start=\"3421\" data-end=\"3452\">Regulators or policy bodies<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"10j3npo\" data-start=\"3453\" data-end=\"3475\">Existing customers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3477\" data-end=\"3594\">Strong positive influence reduces friction and accelerates sales cycles.<br data-start=\"3549\" data-end=\"3552\" \/>Negative influence can quietly kill deals.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1x5bgtq\" data-start=\"3601\" data-end=\"3616\"><strong>Gatekeepers<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3618\" data-end=\"3717\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1bzzhni\" data-start=\"3618\" data-end=\"3658\">Control risk, compliance, and access<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"6z2opw\" data-start=\"3659\" data-end=\"3717\">Can stop a deal regardless of user or buyer enthusiasm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3719\" data-end=\"3728\">Examples:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3729\" data-end=\"3823\">\n<li data-section-id=\"uqkht7\" data-start=\"3729\" data-end=\"3738\">Legal<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1nxh0zr\" data-start=\"3739\" data-end=\"3767\">Safety and certification<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1glrksj\" data-start=\"3768\" data-end=\"3790\">IT \/ cybersecurity<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1y57aoi\" data-start=\"3791\" data-end=\"3804\">Insurance<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1yo0nqt\" data-start=\"3805\" data-end=\"3823\">Labor \/ unions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3825\" data-end=\"3878\">You must anticipate and address their concerns early.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3880\" data-end=\"3883\" \/>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"ymobny\" data-start=\"3885\" data-end=\"3913\"><strong>Where Deals Actually Fail<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3915\" data-end=\"3940\">Most teams lose deals by:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3942\" data-end=\"4190\">\n<li data-section-id=\"k7dsap\" data-start=\"3942\" data-end=\"3985\">Selling only to users with no authority<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1dksr1a\" data-start=\"3986\" data-end=\"4036\">Ignoring gatekeepers until late in the process<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"f9xztn\" data-start=\"4037\" data-end=\"4084\">Failing to identify the real decision-maker<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"7uhhxf\" data-start=\"4085\" data-end=\"4129\">Misunderstanding who controls the budget<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1sorzn8\" data-start=\"4130\" data-end=\"4190\">Not equipping internal champions to sell on their behalf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4192\" data-end=\"4262\">The result is stalled deals, surprise objections, or silent rejection.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4264\" data-end=\"4267\" \/>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"13r6y22\" data-start=\"4269\" data-end=\"4294\"><strong>Practical Implications<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4296\" data-end=\"4327\">To close effectively, you must:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4329\" data-end=\"4688\">\n<li data-section-id=\"jttsox\" data-start=\"4329\" data-end=\"4376\">Map the <strong data-start=\"4339\" data-end=\"4368\">full Decision-Making Unit<\/strong> early<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1x65hxa\" data-start=\"4377\" data-end=\"4430\">Understand <strong data-start=\"4390\" data-end=\"4428\">who has power vs. who has interest<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1t9eb8h\" data-start=\"4431\" data-end=\"4617\">Align your messaging to each role:\n<ul data-start=\"4470\" data-end=\"4617\">\n<li data-section-id=\"oqcq3z\" data-start=\"4470\" data-end=\"4507\">Users \u2192 usability and performance<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1obqcwr\" data-start=\"4510\" data-end=\"4545\">Buyers \u2192 functionality and cost<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"atph71\" data-start=\"4548\" data-end=\"4575\">Deciders \u2192 ROI and risk<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"fh8g7s\" data-start=\"4578\" data-end=\"4617\">Gatekeepers \u2192 compliance and safety<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1qdg4m0\" data-start=\"4618\" data-end=\"4688\">Enable your internal champion to sell when you are not in the room<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4690\" data-end=\"4693\" \/>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"1mrtquc\" data-start=\"4695\" data-end=\"4709\"><strong>Bottom Line<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"4711\" data-end=\"4896\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1767swm\" data-start=\"4711\" data-end=\"4774\">You are not selling to a person\u2014you are navigating a system<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1d8vzum\" data-start=\"4775\" data-end=\"4826\">Each role has different incentives and concerns<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"k2bm4s\" data-start=\"4827\" data-end=\"4896\">Winning requires alignment across the entire Decision-Making Unit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4898\" data-end=\"5004\">If you do not understand how the customer buys, you will not win\u2014regardless of how strong your product is.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5006\" data-end=\"5009\" \/>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"11w4tt6\" data-start=\"5011\" data-end=\"5024\"><strong>Transition<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"5026\" data-end=\"5206\">With an understanding of how decisions are made, the next step is to develop and position a solution that aligns with both the problem and the structure of the buying organization.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I am not a traditional \u201csalesperson,\u201d and this is not a guide on how to sell. This is a practical framework to understand how buying decisions actually get made\u2014particularly in complex, B2B environments. Most failed opportunities are not due to poor technology. They fail because &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.justinmcclellan.com\/blog\/2017\/02\/sales-primer-decision-making-unit\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span>Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Sales Primer and the Decision Making Unit<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":628,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,19,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","category-marketing","category-sales"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.justinmcclellan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.justinmcclellan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.justinmcclellan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.justinmcclellan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.justinmcclellan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=297"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"http:\/\/www.justinmcclellan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":548,"href":"http:\/\/www.justinmcclellan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297\/revisions\/548"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.justinmcclellan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/628"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.justinmcclellan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=297"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.justinmcclellan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.justinmcclellan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}